{"id":18418,"date":"2026-09-17T16:00:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T20:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnewa.org\/ca\/?p=18418"},"modified":"2026-09-17T16:00:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T20:00:46","slug":"season-of-creation-fire-and-herbicides-as-weapons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnewa.org\/ca\/season-of-creation-fire-and-herbicides-as-weapons\/","title":{"rendered":"Season of Creation: Fire and Herbicides as Weapons"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A thousand olive trees, along with other crops, were engulfed in flames on 25 August on the outskirts of Qlayaa, a hilltop village in southern Lebanon.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Most of the 750 families who still live in Qlayaa rely on farming for income. South Lebanon\u2019s economy relies largely on agriculture and provides olives, citrus fruit and bananas for the whole country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The villagers\u2019 lands \u201care very threatened by the war at the moment,\u201d said the Rev. Antonios Farah, the priest of the Maronite Catholic Church of St. George.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Father Farah did not rule out natural causes for the wildfire, but local outlet Naqd Media reported that the Israeli army launched incendiary bombs in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The firefighters were unable to intervene \u201cbecause this area sits within the occupied zone,\u201d Father Farah said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Israeli army has been occupying swathes of southern Lebanon since 2024 and established a no-go zone, \u201cthe yellow line,\u201d in 2026; in June, it spanned 240 square miles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Farmer and beekeeper Roger Rouhana uncovers the empty beehives he put in storage. Mr. Rouhana says he lost his beehives because of the impact of the war on the land and on bees. (photo: Raghida Skaff).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Qlayaa lies outside the no-go zone but remains exposed to bombardment and drone attacks. This year, four residents were killed by the Israeli army, including\u00a0the Rev. Pierre al-Rahi<\/a>, a local Maronite priest, as well as a man with his two children. Father Farah succeeded Father Rahi as the pastor of St. George.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The village also faces two strategic positions: Beaufort Castle, taken over by the Israeli army in May, and Ali al-Taher ridge. On 10 September, the Israeli army destroyed alleged Hezbollah tunnel infrastructure in Ali al-Taher, triggering a shockwave similar to a magnitude-4.1 earthquake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By mid-September, nearly 9,000 people had died in Israeli attacks in Lebanon since 2023. In a government report in April, Lebanese Environment Minister Tamara El Zein said the war has \u201creshaped both the physical and ecological landscape of the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe scale and intentionality of the damage to forests, agricultural lands, marine ecosystems, water resources and atmospheric quality constitute \u2026 an act of ecocide,\u201d she said.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In 2023, \u201cthe Israeli army first used white phosphorus,\u201d whose indiscriminate use in Lebanon violates international humanitarian law, said Mohammad el Husseini, the head of the Farmers Union in South Lebanon. Then, he said, Israeli \u201cbulldozers removed natural covers such as trees and crops.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In February, the Israeli army sprayed glyphosate, an herbicide, along the demarcation line, leading to \u201cfarmed lands and forest to die in a matter of days.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Husseini said these actions contribute to \u201ca kind of desertification amounting to war crime.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaking from his home in Qlayaa, farmer Marwan Rizq said he has been able to cultivate only part of his lands since 2023, and his production of olive oil, pecans, pine nuts and watermelons has become very limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGoing to our agricultural land is dangerous<\/a>, bombardments can happen at any time, as well as military operations,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Lebanon\u2019s National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), 5,323 acres of orchards were burned between October 2023 and December 2024, including 2,011 acres of olive groves and 1,574 acres of citrus plantations; 220 acres of stone pine were damaged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Boutros Rouhana, 90, a farmer, and his daughter Jamile insist on staying in their village near the border of Jezzine, Lebanon, despite the war. (photo: Raghida Skaff)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Rizq said 700 of his 1,500 olive trees \u201cwere taken by [Israeli] excavators\u201d on 28 October 2024. In 2026, his farm produced 79 gallons of olive oil instead of the usual 2,642 gallons, leading to a substantial decrease in revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy brother and I live off these farms,\u201d Mr. Rizq said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPraise be to God, we still have our houses, but it is not enough,\u201d he said. \u201cWe need to be able to work, and we want peace.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 2023, CNEWA-Pontifical Mission has been supporting<\/a> Qlayaa\u2019s inhabitants and municipality with cash assistance, fuel and food relief, amounting to $39,000 in 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farther from the frontline, CNEWA-PM adopted a \u201csmart emergency response\u201d to support farmers affected by the crisis, said Michel Constantin, director of CNEWA\u2019s regional office in Beirut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September, CNEWA-PM and a local partner, The Desert is Fertile, distributed hundreds of seedlings to 11,000 farmers coming from villages across the Jezzine and Saida districts, where more people can access their lands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFarmers will be able to feed their families with the crops and to sell them,\u201d Mr. Constantin said.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Speaking from Qlayaa, Mr. Rizq said he feared losing another source of income: his honey. \u201cThe bombardments, the detonations, the smell of ammonium [used as explosive] … this impacts the environment. How are the bees going to live?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Four
Michel Constantin, director of the Beirut regional office for CNEWA-Pontifical Mission, meets with farmers to distribute seedlings in Qaitouli, Lebanon. (photo: Raghida Skaff)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

According to the CNRS report, soils are \u201ccontaminated by heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and chemical residues from munitions and debris.\u201d Phosphorus and chromium, which are markedly present, \u201ccan persist in soils for decades, posing risks to plant growth and food safety.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The report states that \u201ccontamination hotspots overlap with key agricultural zones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hisham Younes, a founder of the Green Southerners, a local environmental organization, speaks of \u201ca pattern and a policy which aims to erase the villages \u2014 not only the physical houses and infrastructures but also trees and ecosystems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSome impacted zones had a rich biodiversity, and now they are dead zones,\u201d he said, noting the intensification of an Israeli scorched-earth policy since July.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some observers believe this is a strategy to render the south of Lebanon as uninhabitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat is happening in Gaza and Lebanon reminds us of the \u2018herem,\u2019 the anathema, that is described in the Book of Deuteronomy,\u201d said the Rev. Bassem al Rai, a political philosopher who teaches political science at St. Joseph University of Beirut and Lebanese University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Deuteronomy\u2019s \u201cherem\u201d laws, when the Jews occupy the enemy\u2019s land, a zero-tolerance rule may be applied if what is encountered there threatens the community and its worship of the One God. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEverything has to be destroyed and burned, so that nothing is left,\u201d Father Rai added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Elias is harvesting the green beans he grew in his tent.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Elias is harvesting the green beans he grew in his tent.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Elias is very grateful to the Pontifical Mission for the support they provided him.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Roger Rouhana is plowing his land with a tractor in Bislaya, Jezzine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Georges Makhoul is preparing the soil to plant the seedlings he will receive from the Pontifical Mission<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Jamile Rouhana is drying the sumac in the sun before mixing it with thyme.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Michel Constantin spoke about the Pontifical Mission\u2019s role in supporting farmers in Jezzine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Three years of war in South Lebanon have ravaged orchards and olive groves. Contaminated soil deepens residents\u2019 fears that the damage will persist for years to come.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70080,"featured_media":18432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3084,2315,69],"class_list":["post-18418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-responding-to-human-needs","category-lebanon","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSeason of Creation: Fire and Herbicides as Weapons | CNEWA Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the impact of fire and herbicides as weapons in the ongoing conflict affecting agriculture in South Lebanon.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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